The Editors of Cognitionis Civitatis et Politicae issue a set of publication ethics as guidelines for authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher (Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi), to comply with COPE Core Practices and establish a high-quality standard of ethics for journal publication. Yayasan Adra Karima Hubbi, as publisher, is committed to ensuring that advertising, reprint, or other commercial revenue has no impact on editorial decisions.

Research misconduct pertains to fraud and refers to data fabrication, falsification, citation manipulation, plagiarism, and improper authorship.

• Fabrication refers to any activity involving the creation of false information about non-existing data or findings.
• Falsification refers to the artificial manipulation of research materials, equipment, or processes, or random modification/deletion of data resulting in distorted research contents or results.
• Plagiarism refers to acts of pirating others' ideas, research contents, and results without justifiable approvals or quotations.
• Improper authorship refers to cases where a person who has contributed to the research is unqualified as an author, or where someone who has not contributed is listed merely to express gratitude or courtesy.
• Intentional acts to disturb a fraud investigation, or acts harmful to informants.
• Unfair evaluation, or disclosure/pirating of research ideas acquired during the evaluation process.
• Severely aberrant acts unacceptable to the field.

In cases of suspected misconduct, the Editors and Editorial Board will use the best practices of COPE to investigate and resolve the matter fairly. The first step determines the validity of the allegation and whether it meets the definition of research misconduct, including whether the individuals alleging misconduct have relevant conflicts of interest. Allegations are shared with the corresponding author, who is requested to provide a detailed response on behalf of all coauthors; additional review and expert involvement may follow.

• Deliver accurate and complete details of the research performed, with sufficient information on the related subject.
• Ensure the originality of the work; neither fraud nor fabrication is involved.
• Guarantee the article has not been published previously and is not under evaluation elsewhere.
• Ensure the work contains no unlawful statements.

Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the study. All those making significant contributions should be listed as co-authors; others should be acknowledged as contributors. The corresponding author ensures that all appropriate co-authors — and no inappropriate ones — are included, and that all have seen, approved, and agreed to the final version's submission.

• Editors provide fair judgment regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy.
• Manuscripts are considered within a reasonable time frame, with decisions accompanied by reviewer comments.
• Editors ensure no private author information is shared with reviewers, and maintain manuscript confidentiality with anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, and the publisher, as appropriate.
• Editors respect well-reasoned author requests to exclude certain reviewers, though may still use them if professionally important.
• Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor's own research without the express written consent of the author.
• Editors comply with COPE practices when considering a manuscript for publication.

This journal has a clear procedure for handling complaints against the journal, Editorial Staff, Editorial Board, or Publisher. The scope of complaints includes anything related to the journal's business process — editorial process, citation manipulation, unfair editor/reviewer conduct, peer-review manipulation, and similar matters. Complaints are processed according to COPE guidelines and clarified with the relevant personnel concerning the case.

• Authors should clearly disclose their source of financial support — institutional, private, and/or corporate — for their research, including any conflicts that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation.
• If the author and editor have a relationship that may lead to an unfair evaluation, another editor will be appointed instead.
• Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships with the authors, and must promptly return such manuscripts to the editor.
• Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and never used for personal advantage.

Authors are asked to provide the raw data connected with a paper for editorial review, and should be prepared to provide public access to such data where practicable, retaining it for a reasonable period following publication to support verification and reproducibility. Authors are responsible for data reproducibility. Full data availability and reporting guidelines are available in the Author Guidelines section.

When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in their own published work, it is the author's obligation to promptly notify the journal editor and cooperate to retract or correct the paper.

All submitted articles and exchanges of information involving authors and editors will be treated as confidential. Names and email addresses entered on this journal site are used exclusively for the journal's stated purposes and not shared with other parties.

Research Involving Human Subjects

Authors must declare that the investigations were carried out following approval from a local institutional review board (IRB) or an equivalent ethics committee, in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. All subjects must give informed consent for inclusion before participating, and written informed consent for publication must also be obtained. Editors reserve the right to reject any submission that does not meet these requirements.

If the study involves vulnerable groups (e.g., children, elderly persons), an additional check may be performed by the editorial office, and documentary evidence — such as blank consent forms and related ethics board discussions — may be requested. When studies describe groups by race, ethnicity, gender, disability, disease, or similar categories, an explanation of why such categorization was needed must be clearly stated in the article.

If research involves confidential data or business/marketing practices, authors should clearly justify whether the underlying data or information will be securely withheld.

While uncommon for this journal's scope, any research involving animals must fully assess potential harm relative to benefit, examining the specific procedures, experiments, and the number and type of animals used. Animals subjected to experimentation must be treated in accordance with institutional and national guidelines, and manuscripts must declare that all efforts were made to reduce animal suffering, in line with the "3Rs" (Replace, Minimize, Optimize).

If research work involves chemicals, procedures, or equipment with unusual inherent hazards, authors must clearly identify these in the manuscript and, where required, provide legal or ethical clearance from an appropriate association or organization.

Disclaimer

The viewpoint of articles published in Cognitionis Civitatis et Politicae are solely the authors' and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the editorial board of the publisher.

Copyright

The author is responsible for acquiring permission(s) to reproduce any copyrighted figures, tables, data, or text used in the submitted paper. Text quotations of more than 250 words from a published or copyrighted work will require a grant of permission from the original publisher to reprint, submitted together with the manuscript.

Publishing

This journal uses Open Journal System, a journal management and publishing software developed, supported, and distributed by the Public Knowledge Project (PKP).

This journal is available online and can be accessed for free.

Publication in this journal follows an Article Processing Charge scheme, and all published papers are available online through open access. Accepted papers are edited by native English speakers, with the cost of this service included in the Article Processing Charge. For full details on fees and waiver eligibility, please see our Article Processing Charge page.

All papers will be critically examined by at least two anonymous reviewers, selected for their competencies in the subject area. Acceptance depends on scientific merit and suitability for this journal. A paper may be accepted in its original form, subject to revision, or rejected. A manuscript returned to an author for revision can be held for a maximum of eight weeks. All submitted papers are checked for originality using Turnitin.

The reviewers' and editors' suggestions will be conveyed to the author, who will then have an opportunity to revise the paper. Please see detailed information about our Peer Review Process.

This journal maintains a strict policy against plagiarism and adheres to the guidelines set by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). Plagiarism includes copying text, data, or ideas without proper citation, reusing significant portions of previous work without acknowledgment, or presenting fabricated data. Self-plagiarism, or submitting essentially the same research to more than one journal, is also prohibited and constitutes unethical publishing behavior.

All submitted manuscripts are checked for plagiarism using plagiarism detection tools. If plagiarism is detected, the manuscript will be rejected and the authors contacted for clarification. If identified after publication, the article may be retracted and the author's institution notified if necessary.

This journal follows the guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). We expect authors, reviewers, and editors to maintain transparency, honesty, and integrity throughout the publication process.

Reviewer Responsibilities

Reviewers must judge the manuscript objectively, treat it as a confidential document, and complete their evaluation within a reasonable time frame, notifying the editor promptly if they cannot meet the schedule or feel unqualified to review. Reviewers should identify relevant published work not cited by the authors, and flag any substantial similarity or overlap with other published papers. Reviewers must promptly notify editors if a manuscript is expected to be misapplied by others in a way that poses a threat to public health and safety.

Editor Responsibilities

Editors are responsible for making unbiased decisions based on the quality and originality of the work, ensuring ethical standards are maintained, and handling complaints and appeals fairly and transparently.

This journal is committed to promoting fair and equal treatment of all authors, reviewers, and readers regardless of race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy. We align with the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) to ensure our editorial and review processes remain free from discrimination and bias, and support efforts to represent diverse perspectives across our editorial and review board.

This journal follows the guidance from COPE regarding ethical concerns for published articles. The Editor-in-Chief can be contacted at journal@adra.ac.id should authors have an objection or disagreement pertaining to the publication process.

Articles may be retracted, corrected, or withdrawn for scientific and/or ethical reasons, at the request of the author(s) or the Editor. See our Correction, Retraction, and Withdrawal Policy page for full detail. The retracted article will be noted on the journal's website alongside the reason for retraction.